Social Identity Theory Essay Example for Free

Social Identity Theory Essay Although there are some members of the IMML group that are as foreign to us as the BBAs, we feel more comfortable working with IMMLs because they have the same behavioural characteristics as us, as well as sharing common goals. Tajfel suggests that a reason for this is the need to treat the teams values as our own. Examples of this include: the aim of finding a placement or business school in our respective countries, with a well respected degree in a relatively unique course from a renowned university. Concerns about placements cross language boundaries, and unites all IMMLs. A group thinks and behaves in characteristically design team ways3. This supports the social identity theory of when IMML first attended the Organizational Behaviour lecture of semester 2 with Kate McArdle. Throughout the past 2 years it has become acceptable to enter the management classes late, strolling slowly to the seat and even talking or waving to friends while the class has already started. However, when Kate McArdle started teaching the course this norm was not acceptable to her. By trying to change the group norm (apologising if late), IMML had temporarily modified their behaviour: the number of students being late was reduced, and if they were late they apologised out of courtesy to the entire class. However, when Foster Fei started teaching the class in Week 5, IMML reverted back to their initial behaviour. We can thus say that in this case it is difficult, almost impossible, for the minority to impose a change on a majority, especially if that norm has had time to evolve for 2 years. If a group majority were to accept the new group norm, they must all conform to the new norm. In summary we can say that because the majority of the IMML course was not convinced of the necessity of being on time, Kate McArdle only changed the group norm temporarily. * FIMML. GIMML. SPIMML. According to Tajfel in order to evaluate their own opinion and abilities, individuals not only compare themselves to other individuals with whom they interact, but also compare their own group with similar and distinct, out groups. 4 After the exam results were released, one characteristic of the members in FIMML was that they then tried to compare their results with others in their small seminar group, and secondly in a more general way against the other language groups. This comparison produced concrete (if biased i. e. ask the people you know will have the results to back up your stereotypes and our assertions of other groups) evidence to reinforce the stereotypes of the other groups and emphasizes our opinion of our group being superior. This minimises the perceived difference in the in-group (seminar B) and maximises the difference from the out-group (IMML as a whole) Cross theory example One student, Harry*, who joined group B at its formation was fluent in French. At the start of the year he spoke often in class, offered answers almost constantly and talked very quickly. This was not very well received by the group at first. The student realised this and decided to answer only when no one else did. According to Tajfel: this was so that others could have a chance. Harry sacrificed his own interests for the good of the group as a whole. This shows how Harry moved from thinking individually (personal identity), doing what benefited him, to feeling and thinking as a representative of a group. This also complies with Aschs theory about how groups influence individual attitudes and behaviour. Observing norms is of such benefit to us that we are prepared to suppress any personal desires and are thus willing to limit our individual freedom and abide by them5. Harry therefore supports both the theory of Tajfel as well as Aschs. As a second example of this we refer to an IMML Spanish student, Steve*, who came into the IMML French group in the second year. The French group felt that the new student was violating pivotal norms of our group. Such norms were: speaking a lot during the classes; criticising teachers; and overtly expressing his opinions without taking others opinions into consideration. His norms could either derive from the norms he had learned in his first year in the Spanish group, or due to his individual differences that he has gained through his culture, since his French nationality is exceptional to that of the group. After being in the French IMML group for a few weeks, there was tension between the new student and his language group, whereas the seminar group B didnt seem affected by the new presence because the new student was not in the same group. This example disproves Aschs theory. The new student didnt conform to the group pressure put upon him. In our opinion, his judgement and actions were not affected, even when the group vocalised their general disagreement to him being there. Neither did the group break up as a result of this. * Small (formal informal) Groups In this section of the essay we will use the example of Steve again because he is relevant for this part as well. However, we will do this in the context of small informal or formal groups looking at it from a whole different angle. As long as individuals see themselves as more important than the group, then the latter cannot function effectively. 6 Steve joining the French group lowered our self-awareness and heightened our group awareness. The group has had no influence over his behaviour and showed animosity to him by for example sighing or laughing when he talks. This is the case even now, 6 months after his coming into FIMML. He did not adapt to the norm of the group. Perhaps this insinuates that Steve does not see IMML as one of the groups that form his social identity. In this way he would not be influenced by the group, conform to it or attempt to convert the group to his way of thinking as it bears little or no importance on his self concept, and furthermore his social identity. In not recognising IMML as a key part of this social identity he does not feel that it is necessary to conform to the behaviour. Steves action supports Tajfels theory as mentioned above. This could be due in part to our perception of his elitist attitude, where he feels superior to the rest, stopping the group from functioning. Group members even left his class. For us to conform to him, we feel that he would have to conform to us first. We could perhaps propose therefore that established groups do not conform to newcomers, but rather newcomers conform to previously established groups. When he joined seminar group A, he changed the group norms. He had an outspoken personality and his loud confident attitude contradicted the previously quiet oral class. At first this resulted in others leaving the group, but the remaining students still did not conform to him and so eventually he was forced to leave. As soon as he left, the other group members returned.

Practical vs. Supernatural in The Hound of the Baskervilles Essay

The novel The Hound of the Baskervilles is written by a British author, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Doyle was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1859. Following â€Å"nine years in Jesuit schools, he went to Edinburgh University, where he received a degree in medicine in 1881. He then became an eye specialist in Southsea, with a distressing lack of success† (Doyle 1). Doyle’s financial letdown in Southsea created a need for an alternative way for him to generate profit, so he became an author. In the first of his many stories A Study in Scarlet, Doyle brings Sherlock Holmes to life; he is a detective and the protagonist of the story. Doyle’s inspiration and idea for an observant detective came from Dr. Joseph Bell of the Edinburgh Infirmary. Dr. Bell had brilliant powers of observation, analysis, and inference. Doyle’s story was rejected several times before a British publisher bought it for  £25 (Doyle 1). â€Å"From early on, the worldwide popularity of Holme s annoyed his creator, and with a cause: the detective’s adventures, wonderful as they are, tended to overshadow everything else Conan Doyle wrote† (Dirda 42). Doyle eventually becomes so weary of Sherlock Holmes that he chose to kill off his character. However, Doyle had to later resurrect Holmes’s character due to popular demand for additional stories (Doyle 1). It was while playing golf one day, Robinson told Doyle a story of an ancient tale about a hound that haunted Dartmoor; â€Å"he was so inspired by this local legend that he resurrected Holmes, whom he’d killed off eight years earlier, in The Final Problem, at Switzerland’s Reichenbach Falls† (Cook). According to a 1996 article from New Statesman, â€Å"For well over 100 years, the great sleuth of Baker Street has been a staple of our imaginati... ... Doyle is cherished as the creator of one of the best-loved detectives in English literature--but his talents as an author ranged far and wide, from science fiction to swashbucklers.† New Statesman [1996] 7 Nov. 2011: 41+. Academic OneFile. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. Doyle, Sir Author Conan. Sherlock Holmes The Hound of the Baskervilles. England: First Signet Classic Printing, 1986. Print. Sangeetha, K. â€Å"Kinesics in Arthur Conan Doyle.† Language In India Nov. 2011: 694+. Academic OneFile. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. â€Å"The Hound Of The Baskervilles: A Sherlock Holmes Graphic Novel.† Publishers Weekly 256.34 (2009): 49. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. â€Å"The Science of Sherlock Holmes: from Baskerville Hall to the Valley of Fear, the Real Forensics Behind the Great Detective's Greatest Cases.† Science News 29 Apr. 2006: 271. Academic OneFile. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.

Chinese Language Cinema Essay

During the 21st century China had been recognized to be one of the greatest distributors of movies throughout the world. China made a big influence when it comes to movie industry on different countries particularly on the American markets. Chinese movies had been widely appreciated by the United States. There are many Chinese actors and actresses who became famous in United States like Jackie Chan, a Chinese actor and director of action motion pictures who had become very famous because of his talent when it comes to acting, doing different creative stunts work, comic manners, and his talent in choreographing different fight sequences. When it comes to film industry and economic status, China was one of the top and biggest contributors throughout the world. China did not ceased in pursuing for success when it comes to movie and film industry. Their culture, state, as well as their different kinds of languages and beliefs became one of the primary reason why mainland China are having difficulties when it comes to producing and building up a great films that will satisfy the taste of different countries particularly the United States. On pursuing their goal in becoming one of the best and highest grosser of economy in the world, China did not waste any time to be able to create a big impact and influence to the American markets especially in the Hollywood (2000). Because of their efforts and patience in continuing their goal to be part of the top countries that are producing and importing top movies in the world, Chinese community became very successful in achieving their goal when it comes to movie industry. In the beginning of the 21st century, China also became very successful in their economic status as well as their entertainment film and Chinese cinemas (2002). All the trials and difficulties that they have encountered in the past few decades were quickly transformed to a successful and progressive country. Mainland China was also known as economic powerhouse because of their successful economic status when it comes to importing and exporting different products and films. Because of their success in economy, Mainland China surpassed other countries like France and Italy who are known to be one of the most successful countries in the world. Chinese cinema became a commodity for worldwide trade, electronics, clothing materials, and even precious and expensive metals. As a start of their successful and profitable business, film and movie industry became one of their major sources of capital and income. China became one of the most excellent importers of movies in the whole world especially in the United States (2003). In spite of China’s good production of movies, there are many criticism that been spreading about their entertainment. Negative and positive opinions as well as different comments were spreading to the public. Critics implied that some movies and films are seriously violating the culture as well as the beliefs of the Chinese community because of some unjust doings and immoral acts in the film. However other films that produce under Chinese films are making a big impact to the global society because the message of the film implies some important issues to the viewers. The Chinese filmmakers are now developing their movies and films so they can express the whole story as an art, and they have indicated a very resourceful material that can be reliable to the audience ideas as well as their point of views (2007). The Chinese filmmakers are very talented when it comes to creating good arrangements of auditory effects, different color effects, environmental forms, and cultural movements that can easily attract the viewers’ attention. In Chinese cinema, they considered their movies and films as an art, because of their aesthetic value and human works of beauty. The movies provided by the filmmakers are always related to their traditions, history, and also based on their social and political status in the society. They are giving some twist to the topic so the viewers or audience will be excited and satisfy from what they viewed.

Teen Pregnancy - 973 Words

Teen Pregnancy Speech Teen pregnancy rates sky rocket every year. 560,000 teenage girls give birth each year. One sixth of all United States births are to teenage girls. Teen pregnancy rates are soaring and many teenage girls are impacted negatively because they are unable to fulfill the many responsibilities such as education and financial needs. Something needs to be done to decrease the teen pregnancy rates. None of you will argue that teen pregnancy rates aren’t high. And all agree something needs to be done to bring these rates down. However, I am not sure who will actually try to make a difference. I am informing you how to decrease these rates and also persuading you to go out and help all the teens who are uninformed about†¦show more content†¦By not informing the teens now we are getting the teens into a tougher situation. I have shown you that if we do not inform teens now the teens will keep making the same mistakes as before. Why would informing teen decre ase the rates of teen pregnancy? Telling the teens the negative impacts of teen pregnancy on their lives is not such a hard thing to do. So we should all take advantage of this situation and let all the teens know the cause and effects of teen pregnancy. To inform teens it doesn’t mean you have to get a hold of every teen in the world. Even if you inform a small amount of teen it can have a big impact. One advantage of informing teens about negative s of teen pregnancy is in the future when they have kids they can also inform their kids, hopefully decreasing the rates of teen pregnancy in the future. Also, these teens will hopefully make better choices which will make them more confident about themselves. Teens will choose not to fall under social pressure and make better decisions. If none of this information impressed you, keep in mind making a difference even in one hundred teens out of thousands of teens lives can make a huge impact on what teens know and think about teen pregnancy. Just as some of us might not to be a pregnant teen, some of us also might not want to be a parent of a pregnant teen who feels she has made wrong choices and thinks of her child as a mistake. So we should all go out into ourShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1023 Words   |  5 PagesDoes access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy? Adolescent pregnancies remain a concern in public health worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that annually about 16 million girls between 15 and 19 give birth. Indeed, in many countries policies and programs are developed and implemented for the prevention of teen pregnancy and reduction of risks and consequences it might cause. Furthermore, that a teenager becomes pregnant poses a risk to her health, her life and the fetusRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1246 Words   |  5 PagesA topic in American society that has proved to be an ongoing, and growing issue is that none other than teen pregnancy. In recent years, teen pregnancy rates have been increasing, which ultimately led to the topics increase of public and media attention. In American society teen pregnancy is often associated with negligence, as well as being irresponsible. In American society sex education for children is underdeveloped and instead society tends to use fear and shame to highlight/combat the dangersRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/or any other STD’s, and the effects on theRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a prominent dilemma in our nation because it continues to place adolescents into delinquency. According to the United States Health and Human Services, three out of ten American teen girls will become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of twenty. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies in a year (1) (HHS Pg.2 2014). Also according to U.S. Department of State, teen pregnancy budgets the United States and tax payers approximately seven billion dollars annually (2)Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesTerrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age. There are otherRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens1643 Words   |  7 PagesEvery teen has dream about how they want to graduate from high school and then go to college, but some teens are not willing to take the challenge. Some of these teens want to drop out of high school and other teens want to keep furthering their education. For some there are obstacle that life throw at them to be able to accomplish their goals. Earning an education is challenging enough, but when there is a teen parent trying to finish their education it becomes more difficult than it would beRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens978 Words   |  4 Pagesare getting younger in age, and the birth rate is rising higher. Mississippi has the highest birth rates in teen pregnancy, and has held this title for the past few years. This problem has had such a rise to fame becau se this is a problem that can be prevented. Parents and communities should take action to help lower the teen pregnancy birth rate in Mississippi. Since the birth rate in teens is so high that means there is more need of government assistance. This becomes such a problem in states because

The Attitudes Toward Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and...

The Attitudes Toward Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Jane Austin wrote the novel Pride and Prejudice in 1813. The novel provides a great deal of information and gives us a detailed insight to the different attitudes towards marriages at the time. Pride and Prejudice is focused and written about the lifestyles among gentry. The gentry was the middle to upper class citizens in England. In the novel Jane Austin shows us that social status is a very important factor and that is was essential to have connections with people higher up in the gentry. Proposals and marriages at the time were very†¦show more content†¦This shows us how important it was to marry a person who was richer and higher than yourself just so that you could improve your status and stature. Most marriages into richer families gave women the chance to be secure in their future life and to improve their status. This shows that marriages were more like business deals, for money or shares, and rarely ever for love. This is the same situation faced by Elizabeth when Mr Collinss proposes to her. Almost as soon as I entered the house, I singled you out as the companion of my future lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ perhaps it would be advisable for me to state my reasons for marriage. This proposal to Elizabeth is quite insulting and shows that Mr Collins does not care for Elizabeths feelings, and shows that Mr Collins is intent on marrying Elizabeth for reasons, not for love. An important reason that Mr Collins proposes to Elizabeth is because when Mr Bennet dies the Bennets house and grounds will all go to Mr Collins. The proposal of marriage by Mr Collins is for the security that the Bennet family will have somewhere to live after Mr Bennet dies. Mr Collins also feels by proposing that he is doing Elizabeth and the Bennet family a favour by marrying, because he will be giving the Bennet family safety and security in the eventful future of the death of Mr Bennet. Making sure thatShow MoreRelatedComparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude Towards Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice863 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude Towards Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice The novel, Pride and Prejudice revolves around a mother of five daughters, Mrs. Bennet, whose sole purpose is to marry off her daughters to suitable men. Her eldest, Jane, is her most prized daughter. Mrs. Bennet is assured that Janes beauty and meticulous manners will win her a prized husband. In the end Mrs. Bennet succeeds in marrying her to a husband and in additionRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reflections of illicit and explicit similarities and differences in the values and attributes presented. Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice and Fay Weldon’s 1993 epistolary text Letters to Alice, both challenge the worth of their time as contexts change, but values are upheld. Weldon’s reflection on Austen’s nineteenth century environment, conveys to responders how marriage, gender roles and social class continue to be relevant issues in both regency times and the modern world. ThroughRead MoreThe Influence of Regency England in Pride and Prejudice1604 Words   |  7 Pages English culture has often been guilty of exclusionary attitudes toward those of inferior social rank. Class divisions and their respective roles were established by the Middle Ages, and chronicled in literature. A man’s place in society determined his reputation. Several centuries later, the eighteenth-century magistrate and writer Henry Fielding noted in his novel, Joseph Andrews, that the class-conscious population continued to feel that even â€Å"the least familiarity [with those below in socialRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreThe Austen Marriage1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe females in Pride and Prejudice have their moral values reflected in their marriage. They each have a predetermined standard – whether it is love or monetary gain, or superficial or complex – of what constitutes a marital relationship. According to Zimmerman, â€Å"the character from whose point of view much of the action is seen is Elizabeth† (67). She is either the one being married or is the one giving opinion on another’s marriage. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth as the crux of the plot’s movementRead More E xplore Jane Austen’s attitude to marriage in Pride and Prejudice1671 Words   |  7 PagesExplore Jane Austen’s attitude to marriage in Pride and Prejudice Looking at the social, historical and cultural context In the 19th century when Austen wrote ‘Pride and Prejudice’, the way in which marriage was viewed was very different. It would have been expected of a young woman to find a ‘suitable’ partner for marriage before they were thirty, as after this they could be seen as an embarrassment to their family. By suitable, it does not mean in the way in which marriage is viewedRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen Novels: Success After Death1679 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen Novels: Success after Death Chuck Leddy, a notable critic, stated Upon her death in 1817, English novelist Jane Austen was completely unknown in the literary world. Why would someone as brilliant as Jane Austen not be world known? By 1817, Austen had already published one of her masterpieces Sense and Sensibility, and it seemed to not bring in as much success as it would later on in life. But the dry spell would eventually end. Two hundred years after Jane Austens death, her booksRead MoreJane Austen s Criticism And Judgment Of Socially Constructed Beliefs Of Women1199 Words   |  5 Pagessocial customs, Jane Austen utilized her literary pieces as a framework to critique misogynist beliefs formed by society. Living in a patriarchal society dominated by men and harsh gender roles in England, Jane Austen sought to transform cultural values. She used the ideology of marriage and her heroines’ refusal of courtship to effectively and strategically chastise sexist views on gender and marriage. Her developmen t of defiant characters showcases her strong opposition towards the restrictingRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on loveRead MoreEssay on Pride and Prejudice Book Analysis1352 Words   |  6 Pages In Jane Austen’s England, British heritage, it was said that â€Å"we certainly know the world of the English late 18th century and the Regency beginning the 1800s was very different from our own. Her novels of love and social manners in the Regency gentry are loved because of her brilliant use of language and her savvy insight into human motivation and relationships.† (1) The book, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† by Jane Austen takes place in England around the 1800s.The setting itself is what sets the mood

The Celtic And Roman Religions Essay - 1535 Words

The Religion of Celts Though there are records of deity names, and archaeological remains including altars, little is known about the specific religious beliefs of the Celts. Their burial practices included burying food, weapons, and ornaments with their dead, which suggests a belief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is a philosophy of reincarnation incorporating the specific belief that after death, the soul of a living being is then transferred (or transmigrates) into another living form and thus takes birth again. The Irish believed in an Otherworld, which they†¦show more content†¦All instruction was given orally. According to Pomponius Mela the druidic instruction was secret and was carried on in caves and forests. The Druids were prohibited of writing down their knowledge, in order to prevent it from being stolen and learned by the others. The Bards were a professional hereditary cast of highly trained and learned poets, and their chief duty was that of composing and reciting verses on heroes and their deeds, and memorizing the genealogies of their patrons. They were the keepers of the history of their clan and tribes. Bards were masters of versecraft that used assonance, half rhyme and alliteration, and memorized vast numbers of poems. They were chroniclers and satirists. Their satires where seem as powerful curses upon the one being satirized. To run afoul of a poet was a dangerous thing for the Celts, who valued reputation and honor more than life itself. The Vates were the Celt ic prophets with skills of divination, healing, and geomancy. As specialists in the art of healing, the Vates applied natural law to the problems of the human body and mind. They used natural remedies, such as plants, herbs, spices and the derivatives of these. They combined these with solar, lunar, and stellar powers of healing. In order to foresee the future, the Vates usually observed the flight of birds, the movement of clouds and the stars. Also, when seeking knowledge of great importance,Show MoreRelatedHistory of Ancient Celtic Society Essay819 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient Celtic society was a little bit different from those of today. They were governed by a council of nobles; the king was not the law maker, but rather law applier. Their religion and believes also differ from those of today. They had a polytheistic religion which included the existence of more than one divine-being just like Greek or Norse mythology. Women were prominent in the society, they had mo re rights than that time Roman and Greek women did. They lived on better conditionsRead MoreThe Druids Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesThe Druids The Celtic people have a long history. They have been portrayed in films and other such forms of entertainment many times over. They are seen as a mystery to most. They are shrouded not only in their hooded cloaks but also in mysticism. Since Christian times Druids have been depicted as wizards, sorcerers, and soothsayers. In Pre-Christian times, however, they were revered as philosophers, judges, educators, historians, doctors, seers, astronomers, and astrologers. The wordRead MoreSignificance And Significance Of Mythology1743 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious experience, behavioral models, and moral and practical lessons. Some recent approaches believe myths are expressions for understanding general psychological, cultural or societal truths. Ancient Mythology came before the written word, art or religion, so mythology – and its themes of the supernatural (gods, demigods), and magic, represented the thoughts and creativity of these early human cultures. Mythology shows that early man wondered where he came from, and if there was a god or deitiesRead MoreInteraction Between The Roman And Celtic Civilizations1343 Words   |  6 PagesInteraction between the Roman and Celtic civilizations Between 750 BC and 12 BC the Celts were the most powerful people in Northern central Europe. The Celts consisted of a number of tribes that all spoke a similar common language as well as sharing common elements of culture and art but were not a cohesive group like the Romans or Egyptians. The Celts were widely spread through Europe from the British Isles to Galatia more commonly known today as Austria, Switzerland, southern France and SpainRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Religion: Druid Religion672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Druids are a major division of Indigenous Religion and are located in the British Isles and Scotland. The Druids are most commonly associated with the Indigenous Celtic people of Ireland. Druids are known to have existed as far back as 3rd century B.C.E. (History of Britain: Rise and Fall of the Druids) The Druids passed down rituals and history through stories rather than through written text so a lot is still unknown about how they lived. There are still many peop le in today’s culture who activelyRead MoreReligious Syncretism And Religious Beliefs767 Words   |  4 Pagesquite frequently in areas where multiple religions exist nearby to each other and are active in the culture. When a culture is conquered, the conquerors bring their religious beliefs with them, but do not succeed in entirely wiping out the old beliefs or practices. Such adherents sometimes see syncretism as a betrayal of their pure truth. They feel by adding an incompatible belief ruins and changes the original concept and practice of the original religion, thus rendering it no longer true. By bringingRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of Pompeii before the volcanic eruption occurr ed. I thought that watching the movie would give me insight about Pompeii and the ancient Roman civilization. In addition, I also chose this film because it features talented actors such as Kit Harington, Adewale Akinnuoye-AgbajeRead MoreUnderstanding Religion: Reflection Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Religion: Reflection Essay People need something to believe in. Even if an individual says that they are an atheist and that there is no God or a controlling presence of any kind, they have a religion. Of course then the religion is not believing in anything, supposedly. The fact that religions are formed by societies, and individuals, using basically the same rules is a context that has persisted over the years, and bears some investigation. This paper examines two religions, ChristianityRead MoreAncient Celtic Mythology: a Vision of Gods and Goddesses2139 Words   |  9 Pagessupernatural reality that the Celts endured, it is necessary to somewhat overlook the myths to see what lies behind them. It is essential to find when and from where the myths originated and how true the storytellers, or narrators, really are. The Celtic gods and goddesses, in such an early mythological time defined as ‘a period when beings lived or events happened such as one no longer sees in our days (Sjoestedt 1994: 2), requ ire much analysis. A diverse collection of documents, literatureRead MoreHalloween from Its Beginning to Now1055 Words   |  4 Pagessense of the amount of time the sun is visible), the celtics thought that they had to â€Å"reinvigorate† the sun. They would do this by putting all fires out, symbolising the â€Å"dying old year†, then have a sacred bonfire to scare away evil spirits. (The tradition of bonfires during holidays stemming from holloween are seen today in Britain on Guy Fawkes Night, and Brazil’s June Festivals. Starting in first century C.E., the Romans conquered the Celtics and adopted the spiritistic rituals of Samhain. Later

Hip Hop`S Influence on Islam free essay sample

The Islamic Roots of Hip Hop Culture In the following dissertation, some unfamiliar truths about hip hop ;s interrelation and co-dependence with Islam will be uncovered and discussed incorporating well- known music paradigms and historical facts, in order to reveal the religions influence and association with the genre of hip hop. There can be little doubt that hip hop music has evolved as a global phenomenon. It has become increasingly difficult to find countries, or even regional areas, whereby the music has not made an Integral Impression.The research suggests that hip hop has become a platform hereby certain communities have made their voices heard within the hip hop industry; that which is prevalent within the Islamic world. In order to better understand how this co-dependent relationship was cultivated between hip hop and the Muslim sects, we need to refer to the socio-economic situation of the Muslim populace during the sasss. We will uncover to what degree hip hop was at the center of their existence and the facts which warrant this Identity with this genre of music. This can be best described by Dallas Ban]kook as stating, Muslim influence was at the ground floor of hip hop. The unofficial ambassador of Muslim hip hop goes on to say, Hip hop came from the streets, from the toughest neighborhoods, and thats always where Muslims were. (p 395). What is interesting to note that Name Nominee suggested in the article, Fear of a Muslim Planet: Hip-Hop s Hidden History, is that the co-dependent connection between hip hop and the Muslim populace emanated with the 5 Percent sect and later grew to Include the Nation of Islam (NON), Suffix, and Sunnis Classicist.In keeping with our understanding about the connection of hip hop to Islam, It is essential to explore rather the article outlined by Name Anomie regarding the 5 Percent Nation. This sect of Islam was founded by Clarence XX in 1964 (p 401). As stated in the article, the 5 Percent Nation s clout lay predominantly in their involvement with music. Clarence XX taught his followers that the black man was Allah. His followers were divided Into three percentage categories; 85% were deemed Ignorant,unlearned and uncivilized people who need to be led (mostly churchgoers).It is conveyed in the article that these followers are believed to have no knowledge of self, were bloodsuckers of the poor and the remaining 5 % were esteemed to be those who thought/believed like himself and his followers. The poor, righteous teachers, the ones who do possess knowledge of themselves, their origins, and the way the world system really Is (p 401). The highly regarded masses who made up the 5%, were acknowledged In a hip hop song by Www-Tang Clan, called Www-Revolution, Forever, 1999.This song was also well-timed, as this decade was obviously a time of great struggle for blacks in America. This was a message (very similar to the black primacies doctrines of the NON) that made black youths feel superior in a world where they were viewed as inferior. According to the article, Clarence XX received the nickname, Pudding since he lyrics sung by Clarence XX(Pudding) were eloquent and a spell-binding usage of African-American slang. One of the first projects that emerged in 1974 out of New York was known as the Zulu Nation.This association was comprised of Dos, graffiti artists and talented breakfasters. One member of the 5 Percent nation in particular, linked the connection between music (rap) and Islam. He was bitterly known as, Racism. He infused Five-percent teachings and symbolism throughout their music and videos. This can be exemplified with his lyrics, All praise due to Allah and that s a blessing. (p 402). As the research suggests, the way in which the relationship between Muslims and the hip hop industry developed was due to the following.Muslims came to dominate the hip hop nation due to the alliance between the 5 Presenters, the NON members, music and with the black church s relationship with hip hop. Regarding the 5 Presenters, it was their involvement with wordplay, numerology and race theory. Whereas, for the NO, they used rap as a preaching medium during an era when the black Christian communities denounced the music genre. Another reason as to why Muslims identify with hip hop can be understood with the example of their Holy Book; the Quo ran. As the author suggests, H. Sammy Alum distinguished the structural and symbolic parallels between hip hop verses and the Quo ranks content. As history recounts, the Quo ran was revealed to Prophet Mohammed orally with melodic composition. Hip hop has been described throughout this article serving as a mouth piece for inner-city, impoverished peoples in order for hem to feel confident expressing their stories, thoughts and feelings through melody. According to H. Sammy Alum, a correlation can be drawn between hip hop and the Quo rans content in that they both contain rhyme schemes.He believes that rhyme allows for the reader to maintain a profound relationship with its contents when its recited; hip hop achieves the same outcome with its poetic characteristics (p 405). In addition to H. Sammy Alum, another significant member of the NO, Minister Farmhand, has spoken highly of hip hop and included the Prophet Mohammed in his Houghton as saying, Through me, Muhammad will forever speak. (p 405). Another well known rapper, JET the Biggs Fig has been described as fusing innovative words of the Quo ran with street lingo in order to convey his beliefs to his followers.JET is quoted by saying, Its almost like with Allah how hell describe his prophets as moonlight. It is important to note, as stated in the article, not all sects within Islam welcome the comparisons between hip hop and the quo runic narratives due to their religious affiliations and (or) beliefs. For example, the more religious sects believe hat the words in the Quo ran should be chanted and not sung (p 406). Contrary to their orthodox counterparts, the younger Muslim generation does not share in this belief ideology. For them, hip hop was regarded as a, boost to their understanding of Islam (p 407).These moderate, younger, hip hop enthusiasts came to be known as the Generation M. They uphold a traditional Islamic view and sing about current affairs subject in the West (p 411). In conclusion, the influence of Islam was very strong and evident. Thus, hip-hop, a baby at the time, was of course shaped by this as well. Hip-hop gave Black youth a littoral and a voice. Many admired the Muslim lifestyle, and were captivated by the Farmhand. Thus, many artists began to use their lyrical skills to speak on political issues and the problems in the black community.Islamic themes and Arabic terms increasingly thread the colorful fabric that is hip hop. Self-proclaimed Muslim rap artists whether adhering to the Nation of Islam, the Five Percent Nation, or traditional Sunnis Islam proudly announce their faith and include Islamic messages of social Justice in their lyrics. As we have learned throughout the readings, hip hop is revolutionary. When it came out in the asses it was not the norm. It was the voice of a downtrodden people people in poor areas strongly influenced by NON and Five Percent ideas.Hip-Hop and Islam intersected early on in raps history when the young poets (Generation M) began to embrace the teachings of Malcolm X (also known as El-HaJJ Mali El-Sabbath). Confirmed in our readings, Racism was the first and most widely recognized rapper to outwardly profess the teachings of Islam, and at one time, he even rapped under the moniker Racism Allah (or Sun God). Public Enemy name-checked Minister Louis Farmhand on songs such as Dont Believe the Hype: A follower of Farmhand / dont tell me that you understand / until you hear the man. The research suggests that Minister Farmhand played a very valuable role in the world of hip hop. As we learn, he was a strong representative for several first and second generation rappers; two well known rappers, 50 Cent and Jag Rule (p 404). This subject has shed light on the potent role that hip hop has played in shaping ideas and influencing contemporary culture. We were surprised and challenged as we have broadened our knowledge in understanding how prominent music artists and Islam have influenced the development and longevity of hip hop.