The Attitudes Toward Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and...

The Attitudes Toward Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Jane Austin wrote the novel Pride and Prejudice in 1813. The novel provides a great deal of information and gives us a detailed insight to the different attitudes towards marriages at the time. Pride and Prejudice is focused and written about the lifestyles among gentry. The gentry was the middle to upper class citizens in England. In the novel Jane Austin shows us that social status is a very important factor and that is was essential to have connections with people higher up in the gentry. Proposals and marriages at the time were very†¦show more content†¦This shows us how important it was to marry a person who was richer and higher than yourself just so that you could improve your status and stature. Most marriages into richer families gave women the chance to be secure in their future life and to improve their status. This shows that marriages were more like business deals, for money or shares, and rarely ever for love. This is the same situation faced by Elizabeth when Mr Collinss proposes to her. Almost as soon as I entered the house, I singled you out as the companion of my future lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ perhaps it would be advisable for me to state my reasons for marriage. This proposal to Elizabeth is quite insulting and shows that Mr Collins does not care for Elizabeths feelings, and shows that Mr Collins is intent on marrying Elizabeth for reasons, not for love. An important reason that Mr Collins proposes to Elizabeth is because when Mr Bennet dies the Bennets house and grounds will all go to Mr Collins. The proposal of marriage by Mr Collins is for the security that the Bennet family will have somewhere to live after Mr Bennet dies. Mr Collins also feels by proposing that he is doing Elizabeth and the Bennet family a favour by marrying, because he will be giving the Bennet family safety and security in the eventful future of the death of Mr Bennet. Making sure thatShow MoreRelatedComparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude Towards Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice863 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Mr. Wickhams and Elizabeths Attitude Towards Marriage in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice The novel, Pride and Prejudice revolves around a mother of five daughters, Mrs. Bennet, whose sole purpose is to marry off her daughters to suitable men. Her eldest, Jane, is her most prized daughter. Mrs. Bennet is assured that Janes beauty and meticulous manners will win her a prized husband. In the end Mrs. Bennet succeeds in marrying her to a husband and in additionRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1693 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reflections of illicit and explicit similarities and differences in the values and attributes presented. Jane Austen’s 1813 novel Pride and Prejudice and Fay Weldon’s 1993 epistolary text Letters to Alice, both challenge the worth of their time as contexts change, but values are upheld. Weldon’s reflection on Austen’s nineteenth century environment, conveys to responders how marriage, gender roles and social class continue to be relevant issues in both regency times and the modern world. ThroughRead MoreThe Influence of Regency England in Pride and Prejudice1604 Words   |  7 Pages English culture has often been guilty of exclusionary attitudes toward those of inferior social rank. Class divisions and their respective roles were established by the Middle Ages, and chronicled in literature. A man’s place in society determined his reputation. Several centuries later, the eighteenth-century magistrate and writer Henry Fielding noted in his novel, Joseph Andrews, that the class-conscious population continued to feel that even â€Å"the least familiarity [with those below in socialRead MoreJane Austen and Her Feminism1158 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen and Her Feminism ---analyzing of feminism revealed in Pride and Prejudice Introduction It is universally acknowledged that Jane Austen was a major woman novelist in English; but it is also a truth that almost as universally ignored that Jane Austen was a feminist. By intensively reading her six novels (Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, Northanger Abbey, Mansfield Park, Emma and Persuasion) and studying feminism, I have found some significant and fresh thingsRead MoreThe Austen Marriage1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe females in Pride and Prejudice have their moral values reflected in their marriage. They each have a predetermined standard – whether it is love or monetary gain, or superficial or complex – of what constitutes a marital relationship. According to Zimmerman, â€Å"the character from whose point of view much of the action is seen is Elizabeth† (67). She is either the one being married or is the one giving opinion on another’s marriage. Jane Austen utilizes Elizabeth as the crux of the plot’s movementRead More E xplore Jane Austen’s attitude to marriage in Pride and Prejudice1671 Words   |  7 PagesExplore Jane Austen’s attitude to marriage in Pride and Prejudice Looking at the social, historical and cultural context In the 19th century when Austen wrote ‘Pride and Prejudice’, the way in which marriage was viewed was very different. It would have been expected of a young woman to find a ‘suitable’ partner for marriage before they were thirty, as after this they could be seen as an embarrassment to their family. By suitable, it does not mean in the way in which marriage is viewedRead MoreEssay on Jane Austen Novels: Success After Death1679 Words   |  7 PagesJane Austen Novels: Success after Death Chuck Leddy, a notable critic, stated Upon her death in 1817, English novelist Jane Austen was completely unknown in the literary world. Why would someone as brilliant as Jane Austen not be world known? By 1817, Austen had already published one of her masterpieces Sense and Sensibility, and it seemed to not bring in as much success as it would later on in life. But the dry spell would eventually end. Two hundred years after Jane Austens death, her booksRead MoreJane Austen s Criticism And Judgment Of Socially Constructed Beliefs Of Women1199 Words   |  5 Pagessocial customs, Jane Austen utilized her literary pieces as a framework to critique misogynist beliefs formed by society. Living in a patriarchal society dominated by men and harsh gender roles in England, Jane Austen sought to transform cultural values. She used the ideology of marriage and her heroines’ refusal of courtship to effectively and strategically chastise sexist views on gender and marriage. Her developmen t of defiant characters showcases her strong opposition towards the restrictingRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on loveRead MoreEssay on Pride and Prejudice Book Analysis1352 Words   |  6 Pages In Jane Austen’s England, British heritage, it was said that â€Å"we certainly know the world of the English late 18th century and the Regency beginning the 1800s was very different from our own. Her novels of love and social manners in the Regency gentry are loved because of her brilliant use of language and her savvy insight into human motivation and relationships.† (1) The book, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice,† by Jane Austen takes place in England around the 1800s.The setting itself is what sets the mood

The Celtic And Roman Religions Essay - 1535 Words

The Religion of Celts Though there are records of deity names, and archaeological remains including altars, little is known about the specific religious beliefs of the Celts. Their burial practices included burying food, weapons, and ornaments with their dead, which suggests a belief in life after death. The druids, the early Celtic priesthood, were said by Caesar to have taught the doctrine of transmigration of souls along with astronomy and the nature and power of the gods. Transmigration is a philosophy of reincarnation incorporating the specific belief that after death, the soul of a living being is then transferred (or transmigrates) into another living form and thus takes birth again. The Irish believed in an Otherworld, which they†¦show more content†¦All instruction was given orally. According to Pomponius Mela the druidic instruction was secret and was carried on in caves and forests. The Druids were prohibited of writing down their knowledge, in order to prevent it from being stolen and learned by the others. The Bards were a professional hereditary cast of highly trained and learned poets, and their chief duty was that of composing and reciting verses on heroes and their deeds, and memorizing the genealogies of their patrons. They were the keepers of the history of their clan and tribes. Bards were masters of versecraft that used assonance, half rhyme and alliteration, and memorized vast numbers of poems. They were chroniclers and satirists. Their satires where seem as powerful curses upon the one being satirized. To run afoul of a poet was a dangerous thing for the Celts, who valued reputation and honor more than life itself. The Vates were the Celt ic prophets with skills of divination, healing, and geomancy. As specialists in the art of healing, the Vates applied natural law to the problems of the human body and mind. They used natural remedies, such as plants, herbs, spices and the derivatives of these. They combined these with solar, lunar, and stellar powers of healing. In order to foresee the future, the Vates usually observed the flight of birds, the movement of clouds and the stars. Also, when seeking knowledge of great importance,Show MoreRelatedHistory of Ancient Celtic Society Essay819 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient Celtic society was a little bit different from those of today. They were governed by a council of nobles; the king was not the law maker, but rather law applier. Their religion and believes also differ from those of today. They had a polytheistic religion which included the existence of more than one divine-being just like Greek or Norse mythology. Women were prominent in the society, they had mo re rights than that time Roman and Greek women did. They lived on better conditionsRead MoreThe Druids Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesThe Druids The Celtic people have a long history. They have been portrayed in films and other such forms of entertainment many times over. They are seen as a mystery to most. They are shrouded not only in their hooded cloaks but also in mysticism. Since Christian times Druids have been depicted as wizards, sorcerers, and soothsayers. In Pre-Christian times, however, they were revered as philosophers, judges, educators, historians, doctors, seers, astronomers, and astrologers. The wordRead MoreSignificance And Significance Of Mythology1743 Words   |  7 Pagesreligious experience, behavioral models, and moral and practical lessons. Some recent approaches believe myths are expressions for understanding general psychological, cultural or societal truths. Ancient Mythology came before the written word, art or religion, so mythology – and its themes of the supernatural (gods, demigods), and magic, represented the thoughts and creativity of these early human cultures. Mythology shows that early man wondered where he came from, and if there was a god or deitiesRead MoreInteraction Between The Roman And Celtic Civilizations1343 Words   |  6 PagesInteraction between the Roman and Celtic civilizations Between 750 BC and 12 BC the Celts were the most powerful people in Northern central Europe. The Celts consisted of a number of tribes that all spoke a similar common language as well as sharing common elements of culture and art but were not a cohesive group like the Romans or Egyptians. The Celts were widely spread through Europe from the British Isles to Galatia more commonly known today as Austria, Switzerland, southern France and SpainRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Religion: Druid Religion672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Druids are a major division of Indigenous Religion and are located in the British Isles and Scotland. The Druids are most commonly associated with the Indigenous Celtic people of Ireland. Druids are known to have existed as far back as 3rd century B.C.E. (History of Britain: Rise and Fall of the Druids) The Druids passed down rituals and history through stories rather than through written text so a lot is still unknown about how they lived. There are still many peop le in today’s culture who activelyRead MoreReligious Syncretism And Religious Beliefs767 Words   |  4 Pagesquite frequently in areas where multiple religions exist nearby to each other and are active in the culture. When a culture is conquered, the conquerors bring their religious beliefs with them, but do not succeed in entirely wiping out the old beliefs or practices. Such adherents sometimes see syncretism as a betrayal of their pure truth. They feel by adding an incompatible belief ruins and changes the original concept and practice of the original religion, thus rendering it no longer true. By bringingRead MorePompeii, By Janet Scott Batchler And Lee Batchler929 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Robert Harris. I chose Pompeii because I heard about the devastating event that took place in the ancient Roman city in various television programs and books. As a result, I wanted to learn more about the event and the daily life of Pompeii before the volcanic eruption occurr ed. I thought that watching the movie would give me insight about Pompeii and the ancient Roman civilization. In addition, I also chose this film because it features talented actors such as Kit Harington, Adewale Akinnuoye-AgbajeRead MoreUnderstanding Religion: Reflection Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Religion: Reflection Essay People need something to believe in. Even if an individual says that they are an atheist and that there is no God or a controlling presence of any kind, they have a religion. Of course then the religion is not believing in anything, supposedly. The fact that religions are formed by societies, and individuals, using basically the same rules is a context that has persisted over the years, and bears some investigation. This paper examines two religions, ChristianityRead MoreAncient Celtic Mythology: a Vision of Gods and Goddesses2139 Words   |  9 Pagessupernatural reality that the Celts endured, it is necessary to somewhat overlook the myths to see what lies behind them. It is essential to find when and from where the myths originated and how true the storytellers, or narrators, really are. The Celtic gods and goddesses, in such an early mythological time defined as ‘a period when beings lived or events happened such as one no longer sees in our days (Sjoestedt 1994: 2), requ ire much analysis. A diverse collection of documents, literatureRead MoreHalloween from Its Beginning to Now1055 Words   |  4 Pagessense of the amount of time the sun is visible), the celtics thought that they had to â€Å"reinvigorate† the sun. They would do this by putting all fires out, symbolising the â€Å"dying old year†, then have a sacred bonfire to scare away evil spirits. (The tradition of bonfires during holidays stemming from holloween are seen today in Britain on Guy Fawkes Night, and Brazil’s June Festivals. Starting in first century C.E., the Romans conquered the Celtics and adopted the spiritistic rituals of Samhain. Later

Hip Hop`S Influence on Islam free essay sample

The Islamic Roots of Hip Hop Culture In the following dissertation, some unfamiliar truths about hip hop ;s interrelation and co-dependence with Islam will be uncovered and discussed incorporating well- known music paradigms and historical facts, in order to reveal the religions influence and association with the genre of hip hop. There can be little doubt that hip hop music has evolved as a global phenomenon. It has become increasingly difficult to find countries, or even regional areas, whereby the music has not made an Integral Impression.The research suggests that hip hop has become a platform hereby certain communities have made their voices heard within the hip hop industry; that which is prevalent within the Islamic world. In order to better understand how this co-dependent relationship was cultivated between hip hop and the Muslim sects, we need to refer to the socio-economic situation of the Muslim populace during the sasss. We will uncover to what degree hip hop was at the center of their existence and the facts which warrant this Identity with this genre of music. This can be best described by Dallas Ban]kook as stating, Muslim influence was at the ground floor of hip hop. The unofficial ambassador of Muslim hip hop goes on to say, Hip hop came from the streets, from the toughest neighborhoods, and thats always where Muslims were. (p 395). What is interesting to note that Name Nominee suggested in the article, Fear of a Muslim Planet: Hip-Hop s Hidden History, is that the co-dependent connection between hip hop and the Muslim populace emanated with the 5 Percent sect and later grew to Include the Nation of Islam (NON), Suffix, and Sunnis Classicist.In keeping with our understanding about the connection of hip hop to Islam, It is essential to explore rather the article outlined by Name Anomie regarding the 5 Percent Nation. This sect of Islam was founded by Clarence XX in 1964 (p 401). As stated in the article, the 5 Percent Nation s clout lay predominantly in their involvement with music. Clarence XX taught his followers that the black man was Allah. His followers were divided Into three percentage categories; 85% were deemed Ignorant,unlearned and uncivilized people who need to be led (mostly churchgoers).It is conveyed in the article that these followers are believed to have no knowledge of self, were bloodsuckers of the poor and the remaining 5 % were esteemed to be those who thought/believed like himself and his followers. The poor, righteous teachers, the ones who do possess knowledge of themselves, their origins, and the way the world system really Is (p 401). The highly regarded masses who made up the 5%, were acknowledged In a hip hop song by Www-Tang Clan, called Www-Revolution, Forever, 1999.This song was also well-timed, as this decade was obviously a time of great struggle for blacks in America. This was a message (very similar to the black primacies doctrines of the NON) that made black youths feel superior in a world where they were viewed as inferior. According to the article, Clarence XX received the nickname, Pudding since he lyrics sung by Clarence XX(Pudding) were eloquent and a spell-binding usage of African-American slang. One of the first projects that emerged in 1974 out of New York was known as the Zulu Nation.This association was comprised of Dos, graffiti artists and talented breakfasters. One member of the 5 Percent nation in particular, linked the connection between music (rap) and Islam. He was bitterly known as, Racism. He infused Five-percent teachings and symbolism throughout their music and videos. This can be exemplified with his lyrics, All praise due to Allah and that s a blessing. (p 402). As the research suggests, the way in which the relationship between Muslims and the hip hop industry developed was due to the following.Muslims came to dominate the hip hop nation due to the alliance between the 5 Presenters, the NON members, music and with the black church s relationship with hip hop. Regarding the 5 Presenters, it was their involvement with wordplay, numerology and race theory. Whereas, for the NO, they used rap as a preaching medium during an era when the black Christian communities denounced the music genre. Another reason as to why Muslims identify with hip hop can be understood with the example of their Holy Book; the Quo ran. As the author suggests, H. Sammy Alum distinguished the structural and symbolic parallels between hip hop verses and the Quo ranks content. As history recounts, the Quo ran was revealed to Prophet Mohammed orally with melodic composition. Hip hop has been described throughout this article serving as a mouth piece for inner-city, impoverished peoples in order for hem to feel confident expressing their stories, thoughts and feelings through melody. According to H. Sammy Alum, a correlation can be drawn between hip hop and the Quo rans content in that they both contain rhyme schemes.He believes that rhyme allows for the reader to maintain a profound relationship with its contents when its recited; hip hop achieves the same outcome with its poetic characteristics (p 405). In addition to H. Sammy Alum, another significant member of the NO, Minister Farmhand, has spoken highly of hip hop and included the Prophet Mohammed in his Houghton as saying, Through me, Muhammad will forever speak. (p 405). Another well known rapper, JET the Biggs Fig has been described as fusing innovative words of the Quo ran with street lingo in order to convey his beliefs to his followers.JET is quoted by saying, Its almost like with Allah how hell describe his prophets as moonlight. It is important to note, as stated in the article, not all sects within Islam welcome the comparisons between hip hop and the quo runic narratives due to their religious affiliations and (or) beliefs. For example, the more religious sects believe hat the words in the Quo ran should be chanted and not sung (p 406). Contrary to their orthodox counterparts, the younger Muslim generation does not share in this belief ideology. For them, hip hop was regarded as a, boost to their understanding of Islam (p 407).These moderate, younger, hip hop enthusiasts came to be known as the Generation M. They uphold a traditional Islamic view and sing about current affairs subject in the West (p 411). In conclusion, the influence of Islam was very strong and evident. Thus, hip-hop, a baby at the time, was of course shaped by this as well. Hip-hop gave Black youth a littoral and a voice. Many admired the Muslim lifestyle, and were captivated by the Farmhand. Thus, many artists began to use their lyrical skills to speak on political issues and the problems in the black community.Islamic themes and Arabic terms increasingly thread the colorful fabric that is hip hop. Self-proclaimed Muslim rap artists whether adhering to the Nation of Islam, the Five Percent Nation, or traditional Sunnis Islam proudly announce their faith and include Islamic messages of social Justice in their lyrics. As we have learned throughout the readings, hip hop is revolutionary. When it came out in the asses it was not the norm. It was the voice of a downtrodden people people in poor areas strongly influenced by NON and Five Percent ideas.Hip-Hop and Islam intersected early on in raps history when the young poets (Generation M) began to embrace the teachings of Malcolm X (also known as El-HaJJ Mali El-Sabbath). Confirmed in our readings, Racism was the first and most widely recognized rapper to outwardly profess the teachings of Islam, and at one time, he even rapped under the moniker Racism Allah (or Sun God). Public Enemy name-checked Minister Louis Farmhand on songs such as Dont Believe the Hype: A follower of Farmhand / dont tell me that you understand / until you hear the man. The research suggests that Minister Farmhand played a very valuable role in the world of hip hop. As we learn, he was a strong representative for several first and second generation rappers; two well known rappers, 50 Cent and Jag Rule (p 404). This subject has shed light on the potent role that hip hop has played in shaping ideas and influencing contemporary culture. We were surprised and challenged as we have broadened our knowledge in understanding how prominent music artists and Islam have influenced the development and longevity of hip hop.

A SWOT Analysis Free Solution by Experts - Click Now!

Question : Performe a SWOT analysis of your current place of employment (or a place of employment with which you are very familiar). In a well-written paper, describe the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of the organization. Identify three to four goals that can be used for strategic planning and organizational development. Draw on content from this modules lecture and readings. Use the findings to define your organizations competencies and competitive advantages. Your paper should: Be well written Be approximately 4 pages in length FollowCSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements Include a minimum of three outside references Answer: Introduction The SWOT Analysis can be considered as a planning tool that recognizes the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats in a project or business or workplace (Fine, 2009). It specifically states the objectives of the business, identifies the different factors that encourage or discourage the achievement of the objective (Fine, 2009). In this study a SWOT Analysis of my current workplace has been done. Strengths One of the greatest strength of my place of employment is the flexibility available to change between tasks and learning. The capability to learn new skills should be present in employees and that is dependent on the different challenging projects that come up in the companies that give them the chance to be flexible. Another important characteristic present in the organization is the will for teamwork among the employees. With team players there lies the chance to relate to co-workers, motivate the members of the team. A team helps to promote success of the organization and generally works for the interest of the organization ('Composites industry gets SWOT analysis', 2001). Most employees have good communication skills and this assists in relating to the other co-workers which makes the environment light and friendly. People in the management and supervisory positions have these skills and make the workplace environment a better place. Most of the employees in the organization are dependable and reliable. Additionally, they also take up new projects any time and the organization being dependant on them complete most projects on time. The people in the managerial positions have great leadership skills who can motivate other workers and help them to achieve their goals. They also coach and mentor the co-workers so that they recognize their strengths and weaknesses and can work more efficiently. The organization has such retention and recruitment policies that do not indulge in any discrimination among the workers. The organization has a wonderful policy relating to holidays. Instead of vacation days the company gives the employees paid time off according to their convenience. This helps the people from different religions to celebrate their holidays. This policy acts as a great strength for the organization. Weaknesses Limited human resource is one weakness of the workplace. Due to small staff, it becomes difficult to deal with all the things in the companys list. Hence it is extremely essential for the company to hire efficient workers who would turn to be assets for the organization. In the contemporary world everything depends on technology ranging from management to communications. The organizations outdated technology has the ability to hamper the productivity and result in the loss of money of the organization. Another weakness of the organization is the marketing for the promotion of products and services to the customers. When an organization does not have the budget for marketing it results in a major weakness that affects the market share of the business. Opportunities There are a number of opportunities in my current workplace. Firstly it allows for financial growth. The organization rewards the employees according to their performance through proper incentives. These are extremely preferred by the employees as they render wonderful growth opportunities and also motivate the employees to perform better in their work. It is extremely essential for any organization to appreciate talent. Most talented people in any organization want to advance further in the organization. This organization gives such opportunities through superior titles, more responsibilities and better offices. Hence it gives ample opportunities for career growth. The organization also allows for a lot of professional growth. The skilled employees generally want to improve their skills and knowledge. Recording to small workplace victories and acquiring of new skills tend to motivate the employees allow for extensive professional growth for the employees. Therefore, it can be construed that this organization through its motivation factors tends to initiate progress for the employees. Threats Lack of motivation as a result of extreme work pressure is one threat in the organization. One reason for this work pressure is the long working hours in the organization. Stress may lead to the increase of health problems of the employees as a result of which the intensity of work in the organization falls in the workplace. One of the greatest threats for the employees in the organization is relating to the clients. Some of the clients become violent during the course of business. Sometimes the risk can be verbal abuse or it also leads to assault and battery. Hence this is one big threat in the organization. Conclusion From the above SWOT Analysis of my current place of work the strengths weaknesses of the organization can be recognized. Depending on this analysis there are four goals that can be identified which would assist in the strategic planning and further development of the organization. Relying on the weaknesses and threats some of the strategies and plans to develop the organization would include firstly the recruitment of better people who are best fitted for the company. Secondly, retain the talented people by giving them an employee friendly working environment (Pickton Wright, 1998). Thirdly, try and eliminate all types of discrimination and harassment in the organization. Fourthly, the organization should develop performance management systems. Fifthly, attempts need to be made to foster a team environment and finally the organization should also increase the motivation and dedication of the employees by decreasing the working hours and lessening the work pressure. All these developmental practices would assist in making the present organization an even better place for working. References Composites industry gets SWOT analysis. (2001).Materials Today,4(3), 21. doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(01)80034-1 Fine, L. (2009).The SWOT analysis. [S.l.]: Kick It. Pickton, D., Wright, S. (1998). What's swot in strategic analysis?.Strat. Change,7(2), 101-109. doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1697(199803/04)7:23.0.co;2-6

What Are Some Of The Major Problems Faced By Third World Countries Ess

What are some of the major problems faced by "Third World" Countries today? Who should be held responsible for these problems? Why? What has Canada done to help "Third World Countries"? There has always been a dominant country in the world that sets the economic standard throughout powerful countries. Canada has always been a top rated economic country, usually behind the United States and other large Commonwealth countries. Starting back in the early to mid 60's, Prime Minister of Canada, Pierre Trudeau decided to use Canadian revenue as foreign aid. These included "Third World". Some of the major problems faced by "Third World" countries today include poor towns which have had a lack of food sources due to the serious poverty, lack of clean drinking water, lack of good sanitation systems, lack of good living conditions, lack of jobs and there is no industry, therefore no import or export revenue. The governments of the "Third World" countries have done horrible jobs of creating good living conditions for their people and in all have not tried to bring their country out of their economic slump. As Canada entered it second century, Prime Minister Trudeau called for a complete review of Canada's foreign policy. Starting in 1968 interested Canadians including politicians, journalists, professors, business leaders, financial experts, as well as church and labour leaders were invited to offer opinions and advice in what was called the Trudeau Review. The ending of this meeting brought about six foreign policy booklets which outlined the benefits of Canadian foreign aid. Some of these benefits included to help the Canadian economy grow stronger, to keep Canada independent, to work for peace and security, to promote fairness and equality for everyone and to improve living conditions for all people throughout the world. The Canadian foreign policy review suggested that Canada strengthened it's ties with Latin America. Trudeau visited Mexico, Cuba and Venezuela in 1976. Canada's trade with Latin America increased from $1099 million in 1970 to $3418 million in 1976. Also Canada gave an increasing amount of development funds to a number of Latin American countries. Canada, in 1973 had a major concern about the middle east and made an effort to bring about a lasting peace to the Arab-Israeli conflict. 1050 Canadian military specialists became part of the United Nations emergency force where they tried to maintain a cease fire by providing supplies, transportation and communication during the 1973 peacekeeping role. The Trudeau foreign policy review recommended that Canada was to work hard to support the United Nations and make it an effective organization for international co-operation. Canada contributed heavily, and still does so, to all the U.N organizations that are striving to help poor nations and are working toward the disarmament of nuclear weapons and human rights. Canada contributed the ninth largest share of the regular annual budget to the United Nations. Another issue that faced Canada was the fact that China's membership in the United Nations brought Canada into conflict with some other U.N members, especially the United States. Since 1966 Canada had said that it was becoming increasingly more important that China be represented at the U.N. At the time, the U.N only recognized the former government of China which was established on the island of Taiwan. The Canadian government prides itself on sending foreign aid to developing countries. In the 1970's there was an estimated 4.2 billion people on the earth, more then 2.5 billion of them were starving. It was also estimated that by the year 2000 the starving population could double. Canada tried very hard to provide these needy "Third World" countries with the best possible aid. Without the help of Canada as well as other "First World" countries such as the United States and Australia the "Third World" countries would not be around for this long and would have absolutely no hope of survival. --------------------------------------------------------------

How the First Impressionist Exhibition Came to Be

How the First Impressionist Exhibition Came to Be The first Impressionist exhibition took place from April 15 to May 15, 1874. Led by the French artists Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, and Berthe Morisot, they called themselves the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, etc. Thirty artists displayed 165 works at the photographer Nadars former studio at 35 Boulevard des Capucines. The building was modern and the paintings were modern: pictures of contemporary life painted in a technique that looked unfinished to the art critics and the general public. And, the works were on sale! Right there. (Although they had to remain on view for the duration of the show.) Louis Leroy, a critic for Le Charivari, entitled his nasty, satirical review Exhibition of Impressionists which was inspired by Claude Monets painting Impression: Sunrise, 1873. Leroy meant to discredit their work. Instead, he invented their identity. However, the group did not call themselves Impressionists until their third show in 1877. They were also called the Independents and the Intransigents, which implied political activism. Pissarro was the only avowed anarchist. Participants in the First Impressionist Exhibition Zacharie AstrucAntoine-Ferdinand AttenduÉdouard Bà ©liardEugà ¨ne BoudinFà ©lix BraquemondÉdouard BrandonPierre-Isidore BureauAdolphe-Fà ©lix CalsPaul Cà ©zanneGustave ColinLouis DebrasEdgar DegasJean-Baptiste Armand GuillauminLouis LaToucheLudovic-Napolà ©on LepicStanislas LepineJean-Baptiste-Là ©opold LevertAlfred MeyerAuguste De MolinsClaude MonetMademoiselle Berthe MorisotMulot-DurivageJoseph DeNittisAuguste-Louis-Marie OttinLà ©on-Auguste OttinCamille PissarroPierre-Auguste RenoirStanislas-Henri RouartLà ©opold RobertAlfred Sisley

Garbology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Garbology - Essay Example Personally, my refuse pinpoints my shopping trends, the types of food I consume, my budget and expenditure, what types of food I eat on a regular basis, the number of people involved, and my concern for the environment. Essentially, I think I am regular shopper but not to the extent of being termed shopaholic. Most of my daily refuse comprise of shopping bags that I get from the store every time I shop. In fact, for every discarded trash, there is a shopping bag. In this respect, I think I prefer shopping regularly than just shopping once or twice a week. This means that I do not shop in bulk, thus the every-now-and-then trashing of shopping refuse. Food consumption can tell so much about me. Over the observation period, most of my refuse comprised of ready-made food stuff. Raw kitchen refuse was minimal, while ready-made food remains were quite substantial. I think I prefer buying take-away food to actual cooking, an aspect that my garbage essentially reflects. With regard to budgeting and expenditure, I think I am a high-scale spender. My budget hardly conforms to my expenditure plan, and the reason is well seen in the junk-food trash that I discard. This also takes into account my personality and character because when I host my friends or family the garbage bin gets the best out of it. I think I make frequent trips to the garbage bin more than any other person around my residence. Having said that, I think am responsible and concerned about the environment. I do not handle my trash carelessly. I make sure that what needs to be recycled and what needs to be trashed goes into the right section. On the same note, I opt to support green programs whenever I shop; I do this in stores that offer such programs. In general, my refuse can tell what kind of a lifestyle I have. As it is the case so far, most of my garbage encompasses groceries shopping. Whilst I do not consider myself a spendthrift, I think I believe in enhancing

Leadership Styles Movie Analysis Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Styles Analysis - Movie Review Example What follows is 2 hours of unabashed manipulation targeted less at impassioning racial synchronization than leaving the viewer with a lump in his / her throat and tears in their eyes. In these events, the theme of leadership dominates that environment of an extremely racist society which has to collaborate to achieve in their children’s football. Situational leadership holds the idea that someone changes his or her style of leadership in response to a given situation. Situational leadership appears to be more evident in the movie that any other type of leadership (Kippenberger, 2002). According to Blanchard and Hershey, the leadership type that is suitable for any given situation gets driven by follower development or readiness. Readiness gets normally based on factors like ability, skill, and experience, willingness, or confidence, motivation and commitment. Coach Herman Boone applies any type of leadership that suits the situation on hand, from autocratic dictatorship to dem ocracy. When the coach forces the teammates to share rooms with their different races teammates, a symbol of dictatorship is demonstrated, but it is for the best interest of the team. He changes his leadership when need arises to solve or implement any of his strategies, as we are going to see in the paragraphs below. Autocratic leadership remains an extreme system of transactional type of leadership, where a leader exercises high levels of authority over his or her team members or a society. People within the team get few opportunities to make propositions, even if these suggestions would be in the organizations or team's interest (Kippenberger, 2002). Most people tend to begrudge being treated like this. Hence, autocratic leadership generally leads to high level of rebellion and absenteeism. Also, the team's production does not gain from the creativeness and experience of each team members, making many of teamwork benefits lost. In the movie, the main leader is the character Coach Herman Boone. Coach Boone demonstrates qualities of a firm and inspirational leader. The main obstacle the Coach faces are changing the ethos of a football team in a way that the society did not agree with at that time. He makes autonomous decisions for the team. This type of leadership seems to work since the he is the only team member with the knowledge of the game. He must dominate to diffuse the skills to the young players (Kippenberger, 2002). Bureaucratic Leadership is also demonstrated in the movie. Bureaucratic leaders work by the book ensuring that the ruled and ruler follow procedures precisely (Kippenberger, 2002). This stands a very appropriate style especially when working with young people and in cases where a mistake will cost the team heavily. Coach Boone and some of his team leaders go by the book to play football despite being affected significantly by racism. A charismatic leadership style may appear similar to the transformational leadership style, where the lea der injects enormous dosages of enthusiasm into the team, and gets very energetic in driving the team forward. Coach Boone starts tackling the problem of blacks and whites integration from day one in the football training camp. The coach makes the team gets off from the buses and sit with an opposite race team mate, and then he goes ahead to make that person their roommate for the duration in the camp. Through Boone's discipline

Answer the following questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Answer the following questions - Assignment Example According to the expert, language and society are closely connected as it is society that creates the language. Each baby growing up learns some quantity of words in his native language. However, the language gives more than just a speaking skill. The first language helps learn a lot of functions, not only speaking. This refers to much more important thing – social life. Through the language young children learn how to play, to respond to different events, to co-operate. Language is a tool that, if applied properly, can open many doors. At the beginning a child cannot perform all kinds of language operations as grown ups do. Intonation helps young children to put together the available vocabulary and to express their intentions. In similar expressions they just replace the words and come up with new formulation. According to Halliday, children invent the protolanguage themselves: â€Å"there is no obvious source for the great majority of the child’s [vocal] expressions , which appear simply as spontaneous creations of the glossogenic process† (1975, p. 24). ... etation that the child’s linguistic efforts are reinforced, and in this way the meanings that the child starts out with gradually come to be adapted to the meanings of the adult language† (Halliday 1975, p. 24). This proves that language means for children not only their speaking skills but also their competence to interact in a society. In the works of 1974 by Keenan it can be seen that even young children turn language to their account. Playing together means co-operating which is impossible without conversational competence. Thus, language is a very important skill from the early childhood. 2. According to Vygotsky, people could be personalities only in the society, with the help of other people: â€Å"we become ourselves through others† (Vygotsky 1989, p. 56). His theory was about social interaction. As he confirmed, the second language was tightly connected to psychological operations and these operations derived from social co-operation. Vygotsky made this c onclusion, because a person could act on the people in the society and then on himself: â€Å"the law of sociogenesis of higher forms of behavior: speech, being initially the means of communication, the means of association, the means of organization of group behavior, later becomes the basic means of thinking and of all higher mental functions, the basic means of personality formation† (Vygotsky 1998, p. 169). Our interaction with people forms us as personalities and makes us express the features of our character. The process of second language learning is closely connected to the psychological state of learners. Active communication facilitates the process of second language acquisition. Thus, those learners who are active communicators in everyday life usually acquire the second language easily and start

History And Background Of Google Inc Business Essay

History And Background Of Google Inc Business Essay Google Inc. began in 1996 as the brainchild of two bright computer science grad students, Sergey Brin and Larry Page. They met back in 1995 at Stanford University where they were doing their PhDs and they came out with creative ways of finding and organizing large datasets (Hoovers Inc, 2010). After that, they developed a technology called PageRank which enables them to analyze a particular websites relevancy. It occurred to them that a search engine that is based on the PageRank algorithm would be much more effective at obtaining better and accurate results than existing search engines. Thus, that idea became a basis for their soon-to-be famous search engine that was launched on September 15, 1997. Google Inc. was formally incorporated on September 4, 1998 at a friends garage in Menlo Park, California. Google got its name from googol, the mathematical equivalent of the number one followed by a hundred zeros, which was a misspelling of that mathematical term (Google, 2005). This refl ects on the founders original mission to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful (Google.com, 2010). The core competency of their business, the Google search engine has become so successful that it attracted a loyal following among a growing number of Internet users, who liked its simple design and useful results. In 2000, Google began selling text-based advertisements associated with search keywords in order to maintain an uncluttered page design so that speed is maximized when loading a page. Their innovative advertising system, comprised of its AdWords and AdSense products, is so successful that 99% of their revenue is derived from it (Google, 2005). However, the technological industry demands constant innovation and Googles strong focus on continuous improvement is reflected in the companys ever expanding line of innovative services and products which includes webmail (Gmail), blogging (Blogger), and interactive maps (Google Maps). Googles s trong organizational culture that includes values such as creativity, simplicity and innovation plays a huge role in their tremendous success and gives them a huge competitive advantage over their rivals in the search engine market. Content The Google Culture Google is well known for their organizational cultures distinctiveness and uniqueness compared to their immediate competitors. On the Google corporate website, they have listed down 10 core principles that guides the actions of the entire organization. These are the values and assumptions shared within the organization. These values are also termed as espoused values, where it is not necessarily what the organization actually values even though the top executives of the company embraces them. Here are some of a few of their core principles which will provide a look into Googles management philosophy and the type of culture they want to possess: Focus on the user and all else will follow Google strives to put the end users interest ahead of shareholders when making corporate decisions. Google promises to deliver the best user experience possible by providing a clear and simple homepage interface, relevant advertisements and fair placement in search results. Its best to do one thing really, really well Google focuses on its core competency, which is search. Google continues to solve complex issues and provide continuous improvements to search. New Google products such as Gmail and Google Maps are the results of Googles dedication in improving search. Fast is better than slow Google understands that time is valuable to its users and strives to please them by increasing the efficiency of retrieving the users search results. Now the average response time to get a search result just takes a fraction of a second. Google is the only company that aims to have the users leave its website as soon as possible. The need for information crosses all borders Google is founded in California but the existing mission is to enable access to information for the entire world and in all languages. And because more than half of Google search results originate from outside the United States, the organization has offices in dozens of countries and offers the Google search interface in more than 110 languages. As a result, the variety and quality of services Google offer are much more improved. You can be serious without a suit The founders built Google around the idea that work should be challenging, and the challenge should be fun. Google believes that great and creative things are more likely to happen with the right company culture and thus emphasizes on team achievements and pride in individual accomplishments. Google employs energetic, passionate people from diverse backgrounds with creative approaches to work, play and life. Great just isnt good enough Google always strives to make its employees deliver more than what is expected. Google does not accept being the best as an endpoint but rather a starting point. Through innovation and iteration, Google aims to take things that work well and improve upon them in unexpected ways. Google also anticipates users needs and set new standards with new products and services that can make a difference and change the world. [Adapted from www.google.com] In Google, the daily organizational life is distinctive and is one that thrives on informal culture. The rituals that portray the organizations culture as unique and possesses a small-company feel are portrayed daily at lunchtime, where almost all employees eat together at the many various office cafà ©s while at the same time having an open, relaxed conversations with fellow Googlers that come from different teams (Google.com, 2010). Also, because one of the Google cultures main pillars are the pillar of innovation, every Googler are very comfortable at sharing ideas, thoughts, and opinions with one another in a very informal working environment. Every employee is a hands-on contributor and everyone wears several hats (Google.com, 2010). Sergey and Brin also plays a big part of laying the foundation on what the Google culture is and the founders have continued to maintain the Google Way by organizing a weekly all-hands TGIF meetings for employees to pose questions directly at them (Google.com, 2010). In Google, the motivated employees who live the Google brand and are aligned to the company call themselves Googlers. Even former employees of Google have a name which they refer to themselves as Xooglers (Garret, 2005). This shows that in Google, their employees are so involved in the organization that they have their own symbolic name that mirrors the organizations name and image, which is a sure sign of an existing strong cultural values that are present within the company. After tremendous growth in Google, the organization moved from a humble office building in Palo Alto, California back in its early days to its current office complex bought over from Silicon Graphics. The complex is popularly known as the Googleplex, which is a blend of the word Google and complex (Googleplex, 2005). Googleplex is the result of a careful selection that serves to establish Googles unique and individualistic culture in the eyes of the employees and the public. The corporate campus is built to provide a very fun, relaxed and colorful environment both inside and outside. Innovative design decisions provides Google employees 2000 car lots underground so that open spaces above and surrounding the building are filled with unique and interesting architectures that includes an on-site organic garden that supplies produces for Googles various cafes, a bronze casting of a dinosaur fossil, a sand volleyball court, heated endless pools and also electric scooters along with hundre ds of bikes scattered throughout the complex for Googlers to get to meetings across campuses (Google, 2009). Googleplex is a significant departure from typical corporate campuses, challenging conventional thinking about private and public space. This also points out the alignment of values that are present in Googles culture such as innovation, fun, laid-back, creativity and uniqueness that clearly shows that their organizational culture is truly unique and different from that of their competitors and other organizations. Within the Googleplex, a truly attractive, fun and extraordinary workplace environment exists for Google employees. The interior of the headquarters is furnished with items like lava lamps and giant rubber balls while sofas, Google color coded chairs, and pool tables can be found at lounges and bar counters to express Googles laid-back working atmosphere. The lobby contains a grand piano and a projection of current live Google search queries (Google, 2009). The employees various needs are also taken care of by facilities such as the 19 cafes on campus which serves a variety of food choices for their diverse workforce, a gym, massage parlor, laundromats, and even micro kitchens, which provides snacks for employees who want a quick bite (Google, 2009). This ensures that employees can be more productive and happy without ever leaving the workplace. A manifestation of Googles creative and innovative culture is shown by the unconventional building design with high ceilings to let natural light in, durable floors made of tiny quartz stones, working British phone booths splashed in Google colors, and lounges that also serve as DIY libraries with cleverly placed low-reach book racks adorned with colorful Lego sets and cubes (Google, 2009). All these innovative, creative and colorful designs are symbols of Googles unique organizational culture that emphasizes on continuous innovation. Google engages their employees by applying adaptive culture in the organization. From their core competency in search engine technology, Google has responded to customers change in needs by expanding onto the mobile market. The employees analyze, anticipate and seek out the opportunities to improve the organizations performance by being proactive and quick in coming out with new technologies and solutions for mobile services. It aims to help people all over the world to do more tasks on their phone, not to mention the several different ways to access their Google search engine on a mobile phone (Google, 2008). In addition, Google recently entered the smartphone market by launching the Google Nexus One smartphone in response to customers increasing need for smartphones, which is gaining ground on popularity because everyone is going mobile in the Information Age. This is the result of Google employees common mental model that the organizations success depends on continuous change to s upport the stakeholders and also that they are solely responsible for the organizations performance (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The employees also believe that by entering into other markets beyond their core competency, the change is necessary and inevitable to keep pace with an ever changing and volatile technological market. Googles organizational culture places a huge importance of trust and transparency by having an informal corporate motto namely Dont be evil. This slogan has become a central pillar to their identity and a part of their self-proclaimed core principles. It also forms the ethical codes of the organization where Google establishes a foundation for honest decision-making that disassociates Google from any and all cheating. Its ethical principles means that Google sets guiding principles for their advertising programs and practices, which is where most of their revenues come from. Google doesnt breach the trust of its users so it doesnt accept pop-up advertising, which is a disruptive form of advertisement that hinders with the users ability to see the content that they searched (Stahl, 2004). And because they dont manipulate rankings to put any of their partners higher in their search results or allow anyone to buy their way up the PageRank, the integrity of their search results are not c ompromised. This way, users trust Googles objectivity and their ethical principles is one of the reason why Googles ad business had become so successful. The founders of Google believe strongly that in the long term we will be better served, as shareholders and in all other ways, by a company that does good things for the world even if we forgo some short term gains. Content An Introduction to Organizational Culture Every organization is unique in the sense that each and every one of them has their own distinct way of going about doing their business. This unique style of doing business that is different in every organization is made out of a complete combination of the artefacts, values, attitudes and shared assumptions of that organization whereby it is known as organizational culture. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2008), organizational culture consists of shared values and assumptions that guide the way that employees within that organization think and act and how they react to opportunities and solve problems. The employees of that particular organization are directed and guided by the right way of doing tasks and learn how to prioritize tasks that are important and to differentiate those tasks with other less important tasks. The employees also have certain beliefs and ideas about what kinds of goals they should pursue in the organization and their own ideology about the appropriate kinds or standards of behavior they should use to achieve these goals (Hill and Jones, 2001). The Elements of Organizational Culture according to Schein (1985) Organizational culture consists of a few elements. According to Scheins study (as cited in McShane and Von Glinow, 2008), he defines culture as consisting of several levels that are made out of 2 primary categories that drive the organizations action. The categories are made out of the visible elements of culture and also the underlying assumptions underneath, which in other words is the invisible element of culture. Figure 1. (Based on Scheins Levels of Culture. Schein, 2004, Organizational culture and leadership, 27). Visible elements are the artefacts that are found in the culture, which is the physical elements of an organization that is observable (Schein, 2004). The visible element of culture is also said to be a manifestation of the cultures invisible values (Schein, 2004). Artefacts can be stories, legends, rituals and ceremonies, organizational language and also the physical structures of the organization (Schein, 2004). The invisible elements of the culture are made out of espoused values, shared values and shared assumptions. Espoused values are essentially the philosophies, goals and strategies that are stated by the management (Schein, 2004). In addition, shared values which are values that employees in the organization believe in and prioritize at the top of their hierarchy of values and also which they all share in common (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Along with shared values, another deeper element of culture, which some experts say is the real essence of culture, are shared assump tions which consists of unconscious, taken-for-granted perceptions or beliefs and also thoughts and feelings of individuals within organizations (Schein, 2004). Organizational Stories and Legends Stories are a part of the organization that shows the existence of a strong culture. Stories can be tales that talk about courageous things done by an employee of the company, or to ridicule past events that had strayed from the firms core values (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The stories and legends serves as powerful social reminder about the way things should or should not be done. In addition, stories play an important role in communicating the organizations distinct culture in terms of the employees individual standard of performance, the corporate beliefs and also criteria of getting fired (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Stories in the organization can evoke emotion in those that hear these tales which will serve as a permanent reminder to the employees to uphold the organizational culture. Stories is also the greatest way to communicate the culture when it is about real people, real situations and known by employees throughout the firm (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Rituals and Ceremonies Rituals are a dramatized version of an organizations culture by the customary activities of daily organizational life (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). This can include how visitors are welcomed, how often does senior executive s pay a visit to their subordinates, how much time does the employee take lunch and how the employees communicate with each other. Ceremonies on the other hand are more formal than rituals. Ceremonies are activities that are carried out especially for the benefit of an audience (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Among the examples are product launches, press conferences and webcasts. Organizational language Organizational language is defined as the so-called language of the workplace (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). It speaks volumes about the companys culture and can portray distinct, unique and important features of an organizations culture by defining the way employees address their colleagues, greet their stakeholders and describe their customers. It is also a cultural artifact and highlights values that are held by organizational subcultures. How terms are used to describe something and how employees communicate with each other determines the character of an organizations culture. Physical structures and symbols Former British prime minister, Winston Churchill once said that buildings both reflect and influence an organizations culture. Physical structures and symbols such as buildings and the company logo does and can reflect or influence an organizations culture (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The characteristics of the building such as the age, the shape, size, and location can also reveal the values that a company practices such as emphasizing flexibility, teamwork, environmental friendliness or any other values. The company logo characteristics such as the color, symbolic meaning, shape and characters can also portray the organizations culture. Physical artifacts such as desks, chairs, office space, and wall hangings can also denote cultural meanings (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Importance of a Strong Organizational Culture According to McShane and Von Glinow (2008), a strong organizational culture is very important to a company. It is so valuable and precious to a company because it can give a sort of competitive advantage over other competitors. Companies with a strong culture are likely to succeed, but success is not guaranteed for a company with a strong organizational culture and it is subject to a particular set of conditions. One of these conditions is the strength of the organizational culture. It is referring as to how widely and deeply employees are holding the companys dominant values and assumptions. In a strong organizational culture, most employees across all subunits maintains the dominant values (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). The values are also difficult to change because they are institutionalized through artifacts. In addition, strong cultures are often put in place by the company founders values and assumptions. In contrast, weak cultures exist when dominant values are only held by a few people at the top of the organization and are short-lived. Some experts like Kotter Heskett, Tidball, Cremer, Besanko, Dranove, Shanley (as cited in Muafi, 2009) have established that organizational culture has a significant effect on an organizations long-term sustainability, economic performance and outcomes such as profitability, turnover and commitment. They also indicated that congruence of values and beliefs seems to create a unifying force that boosts organizational performance. In Pfiffner and Sherwoods study (as cited in Mahal, 2009), they suggested that there is a positive relationship between the culture and effectiveness of a firm. Wilderom et al., (as cited in Mahal, 2009) described that there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and effectiveness. Culture helps to reduce conflicts in the organization according to Gales study (as cited in Mahal, 2009), and make the organization more participative and zealous. Adaptive Cultures Adaptive culture is defined as an organizational culture that exists when employees places their customers and stakeholders changing needs as a top priority and giving their support to initiatives that keep pace with these changes (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). Embedding Ethical Values According to Hellriegel and Slocum (2009), organizational culture involves a complex interaction between formal and informal systems that may support ethical or unethical behavior. Formal systems include policies, structure, leadership, orientation, training programs, reward systems and decision-making processes. On the other hand, informal systems include rituals, stories, heroes, myths, sagas, language and norms (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2009). McShane and Von Glinow (2008) also shares a somewhat similar view with Hellriegel and Slocum (2009) on the possibility that organizational culture can affect and influence ethical conduct. This is logical because good behavior are influenced and directed by ethical values that are present in the individual. Therefore, organizations can guide the actions and behaviors of its employees by planting ethical values in its culture (McShane and Von Glinow, 2008). In a similar way, Hellriegel and Slocum (2009) also thinks that the organizational cultu re seems to affect ethical behavior. For example, the culture that upholds and places importance on ethical norms is a culture that encourages ethical behavior. Furthermore, the founders also play an important role in enforcing ethical behavior by exhibiting the right behavior. Pros and cons in applicable theories and models for Google Satisfied employees not only increase productivity and reduce turnover, but also enhance creativity and commitment (Chen, Yang, Shiau, Wang, 2006). Based on the findings, Google is already having a playful variation culture in the organization for the employees. This can enable the employees to have an enjoyment environment and this will be able enhance the relationship between the employees and strengthen their bond to work as a team. An enjoyment environment definitely can let the employees to feel satisfied and subsequently will increase productivity. Apart from that, this will shape a convenient work process for the employees that will smoothen the decision making process for the management team. Google already identified the employees are the organizations internal customers and this is the reason why it has been constantly giving employees a sense of purpose, enhancing their self-esteem and sense of belonging for being a part of the organization. The company was reorganized in to small teams that attacked hundreds of projects all at once. The founders give the employees great latitude, and they take the same latitude for themselves. Eric Schmidt says that Google merely appears to be disorganized. We say we run the company chaotically. We run it at the edge. This can adapt the culture Google and therefore they can individually to generate the ideas on their own. On the other hand, Google hires employees that have good academic results but without practical experience and this will be a threat to Google in terms of their organizations operation. Google is a results-driven organization and if employees with only creative ideas but lacking of skills to realize the ideas they have initially planned, this will absolutely reduce the productivity of the organizations. Google had been public listed on year 2004 and therefore Google had to take the shareholders views into consideration before making any decision. The shareholders had been strongly emphasizing on reducing the employee benefits due to the high cost invested on it. This leads to the organizational culture would be degraded and the employees would feel less satisfied and affect their produced results. Employees are very important asset the Google while the shareholders also the contributor of funds for Google. The management team has to weight the importance of both of the stakeholders f or the Google as this will create a different organizational culture. Recommendation We recommend Google to hire more experienced people instead of the good academic results for the good future of the organization. More experienced employee had already encounter different cultures from other organizations and would be able to inject a better culture for Google. Due to the fact that more experienced employee can also be a mentor for those younger new employees to enhance the productivity throughout the company. Explicit and tacit knowledge are both very important by being acquired by all the employees. Most of the Googles employees they graduate from university with flying colour result, it means they have sufficient explicit knowledge which the knowledge is organized and can be communicated from one person to another. But they are lacking of tacit knowledge which is not documented and it is action oriented, tacit knowledge can only be acquired by taking action or from someone who has experienced before. Apart from that, Google also can implement a cultural assessment for the organization to investigate to ensure that the organizations also maintaining and keeping the core value in this competitive business environment. After assessing the cultural in the organization, the management can come out with a new set or standard of operations so this will create leverage between the shareholders and employees. Hence, the stakeholders of Google would eventually feel each and every of them are fairly treated. All the employees in Google are highly independent, they work independently because they are given very high power in making decision, and this is a good culture of having this organization structure but an invisible competition and conflict among employees are underlying. Furthermore, according to Bakar, Salleh, Ling (2008), a need for a more controlled bureaucratic culture is necessary. A high score on bureaucracy means the organisation is power-oriented, cautious, established, solid, regulated, ordered, structured, procedural and hierarchical. Conflict increase with the level of interdependence, in order to minimize dysfunctional conflict might need to minimize the level of interdependence between the parties. We recommend the organization to use human buffers who serve as intermediaries between interdependent people or work units who do not get along through direct interaction. Conclusion After reviewing information about organizational culture and doing the case study on Google, it is shown that the company does have a unique culture that is begins with the founders of Google. Sergey Brin and Larry Page has established the Google culture that is based on informality, creativity, innovation and fun (Google, 2010). This can be seen throughout the company through the artifacts that are present in the company. The way how employees greet and refer to one another as fellow Googlers, where the headquarters of Google are located in a unique and fun place that looks more like a campus than an office, or the way Google treats its employees by providing perks and benefits for them. The importance of organizational culture has shown through the example of the Google case study. Employees have high motivation at the company because they have a heightened sense of purpose and mission at the company. This is why even some employees who became millionaires are still working at Google (Stahl, 2004). Because the founders of Google set the mission to improve the world and to organize the worlds information, that the employees have similar values and beliefs and therefore find themselves aligned with the company. Nevertheless, not every company can apply the Google culture in their organization. The findings of Bakar, Salleh, Ling (2008) suggests that not all types of corporate culture could invoke an increase in the employees job performance. The study concludes that overall corporate culture does have a significant and positive correlation with job performance. Nevertheless, not all types of corporate culture produce significant correlation with the job performance. Here, only entrepreneurial, bureaucratic and competitive cultures are statistically significant in correlations with the job performance. Thus, an organization that strives to improve their employees job performance should inculcate innovative culture that creates an exciting and dynamic environment in which entrepreneurial and ambitious people thrive in this environment. Therefore, it is clearly shown that Googles culture is a unique organizational culture that cannot necessarily be applied in other organizations successfully, especially for organizations that reside in different industries other than the information technology field.

Gene Therapy Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Genetics

Gene Therapy: The New Vaccine ABSTRACT This research paper details what gene therapy is and what it is (and potentially will be) used for. It also describes the gene therapy techniques and delivery methods that have been clinically tested and/or verified by scientists and the ideas that stimulate activity in the field in the race to perfect gene therapy methods and their application, as well as telling about the beginnings of its clinical testing and where this budding technology is headed. Finally, it discusses one last question: Is gene therapy the vaccination of the future? RESEARCH Gene therapy is a biotechnological technique that has recently made significant leaps of progress in the world of scientific research. The theories behind its use have created many new goals and ideas in scientists’ minds, and there is much opportunity for discovery in the field. There are two types of genetic technology that are currently being researched for application in clinical testing and for the cure of certain genetic diseases in humans: somatic cell gene therapy, and germ-line therapy. Somatic cell gene therapy is a development that could potentially eliminate a hereditary disease’s effects in a patient through the injection of genetic material that would fill in for a nonfunctional gene, alter an abnormal one in the patient’s chromosomes, or exchange the defective gene for a new, fully-functioning one (www.ornl.org). Germ-line therapy would be used similarly in embryos’ germ cells, but would have the additional effect of the faulty gene’s permanent eradication so that it could not be passed on to future descendants. There are also multiple types of somatic cell gene therapy. In vivo gene therapy, the most common in clinical testin... ...entists will make many revolutionary discoveries. With this new technology being researched, there’s no telling when the technology will be perfected. Who knows? Someday soon, gene therapy could even be something as commonplace as vaccination. Bibliography: 6 Friedmann, The Development of Human Gene Therapy http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/medicine/genetherapy.shtml http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/AB/BA/Gene_Therapy_Overview.html http://asgt.org/news_releases/basics.html http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2000/500_gene.html http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Therapy/gene (G.T. for Cancer) http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/short/346/16/1185 (Ex Vivo for X-SCID) http://asgt.org/news_releases/06022005a.html http://genome.gov/13014325 Reilly, Abraham Lincoln’s DNA and Other Adventures in Genetics Turksen, Adult Stem Cells 7

On The Last Days of My Life Essay

On The Last Days of My Life The Fantasy of My Life On the last days of my life, I want to thank God for everything, for taking care of my family and for my own safety as well. I know every second of our lives are so significant, so I want to make memories be unforgettable. Not every moment I’m here for my beloved family but towards my weaknesses, they still there for me and always encouraging me to stand and never say ‘’no’’. I want to thank them for giving their lots of love and care even sometimes I lose hope, they are diligent enough in explaining that life goes on whatever may happen at least I did my better than best. I also want to spend the last days of my life to those people who are very close to my heart, my gloomy friends. I want to make a big sacrifice for them and that is to see that they are happy and contented enough for what God that has given to them. I want them to be still complete even my entire presence will not be able to be there. And that is what I want for my family to be happen as well. The third is to my special someone who deserves to change and improve my entire life. I want him to be with me on the last day of my life, enjoy the last hour while singing our favorite theme song and experience the last kiss on the last minute if my life. I want him to be happy so on the last second of my life, I’m giving his freedom to love another woman who will be able to continue my love and care to him. And God will be my arms in finding the fantasy of Heaven.. :†) By: Jelin.. 11.08.11

Reflection Professor Ramos Blog

Reflection Throughout this semester, I continuously came to the realization that I need to make more time to do the things I am passionate about and love. The creative option for our final project was the perfect opportunity for me to get back in touch with one of my favorite pastimes and hobbies, photography. For this project I decided to take a quote from every reading we have done in unit three and try to embody it in a photograph. Our first reading from unit three was Howl by Allen Ginsberg. From this poem I chose the line, â€Å"Who fell on their knees in hopeless cathedrals praying for each other’s salvation and light and breasts, until the soul illuminated its hair for a second.† I chose two photos to pair with Ginsberg’s quote which are both of the Sainte-Chapelle stained glass chapel from my trip to Paris last year, 2018, in July. I chose this photo because it is of cathedral and the stain glass represents the souls illuminating. Since Kurt Vonnegut’s science fiction novel, Slaughterhouse-five, first chapter is about a man writing a book about his experiences in the second world war I chose the quote, â€Å"Billy left his room, went down the slow elevator, walked over to Times Square, looked into the window of a tawdry bookstore. In the window were hundreds of books about fucking and buggery and murder, and a street guide to New York City, and a model of the Statue of Liberty with a thermometer on it.† The photo I chose for this quote is a picture I took a few weeks ago in downtown Los Angeles of the famous Last Bookstore on Spring street. The quote reminded me of this exact bookstore because it is such a magical place filled with such an incredible selection of books. The next quote is from,, â€Å"The road looked as if no one had traveled on it in months,† is from Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find. This photo fits the scenery I imagine from the short story A Good Man is Hard to Find. I also think it fits the quote because there are no people in the images and all the cars are empty and parked in the center of the street. I took this photo earlier this year in Seattle, Washington. Gloria Anzaldua said, My home tongues are the languages I speak with my sister and brothers, with my friends,† in her essay How to Tame a Wild Tongue. For Gloria Anzaldua’s quote I decided to paired it with some of my favorite photos I’ve ever took from last year’s Dia De Los Muertos celebration last year on Olvera Street in Los Angeles. I feel as though these photos do a great job of representing the culture that Anzaldua speaks of in her essay. In Woman Hollering Creek Cleofilas said, â€Å"a parent’s love for a child, a child’s for its parents, is another thing entirely.† This reminded me of my relationship with my parents. Therefore, I decided it would be a good opportunity to share two of my favorite portraits of my parents. The last quote is from Junot Diaz’s Drownâ€Å". . . with the sun sliding out of the sky like spit off a wall . . .† I am grateful for this opportunity to share work that I am very proud of to present. I feel reconnected with my chosen form of art. I really enjoyed this class and appreciate the ability to have a creative option for this assignment.

Essay on Vocabulary Development

Essay on Vocabulary Development Essay on Vocabulary Development Constructing Meaning Susan L. Wright Grand Canyon University: EED475 November 18, 2012 Constructing Meaning |Strategy |Activity |Assessment | |Inferencing |Make predictions through illustrations, chapter |Decide if predictions can be substantiated | | |titles, and headings | | ; Define through |Observe student during the process to ensure correct use | | |context clues, dictionary or glossary. |of strategy. | |Summarizing |Discuss what student learned from reading the | Story mapping or write a summary in journal | | |text | | |Question Generating |Have students write questions in journal after |Look for appropriate answers to the questions | | |predicting; before they read | | that promote images|Draw a picture of a selected character of scene in the | | |in their head |text | |Recognizing story structure |Identify the characters, setting, problem etc†¦ |Fill out story map | |Activating prior knowledge |Ask what student knows about topic |Self to text, world to text, or text to text connection | | | |worksheet | |Monitoring Comprehension |Reread when something doesn’t make sense |Have student identify what helped clarify meaning | |Think Aloud |Stop after reading a part of text; model asking |Invite students to do the same activity | | |yourself questions | | |Main Idea |Discuss main idea; the point the author wants to|Observe, after reading discuss the main idea in small | | |make. Use a familiar text as an example |groups. Check for understanding. | |Fix-up |Student explains misunderstanding, classmates |Student answers to questions | | |ask questions to help clarify |

In your journal discuss whether and why you agree or disagree with Essay

In your journal discuss whether and why you agree or disagree with Jared Diamonds assertion about agriculture - Essay Example I agree with Atkins that Science is not discriminatory. Science has no boundaries in terms of culture, religion, continent, or race. As Atkins argues, I believe that Science is trans-national, trans-racial, and trans-cultural. The interests between individuals in lines of race, culture, or religion do not influence science; hence, I can convincingly argue that it is consistent. In addition, Science is open to modifications. This creates room for young scientists to become famous. However, fame does not promote customized research. I believe that in the thirst to become famous, young scientists conduct rational experiments to test a phenomenon and come up with an objective study; hence, the modification of science. In the exchange, I believe that Pinker is justified to argue that for a scientific mindset, it is prudent to have an empirical verification for each empirical proposition. On the other hand, Wieseltier roots for a two-state solution. According to my understanding, I believe that Wieseltier has the best argument. In the contemporary world, I think it would be prudent to assert that science and humanities are complements rather than substitutes. As such, I believe that both a scientific and humanistic mindset is required; hence, promoting the two-state solution. I believe that Wieseltier does not discriminate sciences as much as pinker discriminates humanities. In an attempt to promote the two-state solution, I believe that Wieseltier is against the belief of scientism. It is also prudent to agree with him that scientific analysis may not be applicable in the entire physical world. In this case, I think the exchange lies on the fact that how much can science explain. Pinker attempts to promote science as the sole verification for empirical propositions. I believe that Wieseltier is not for humanity as the sole verification but counters the thought

Terrorism and just war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Terrorism and just war - Essay Example Acts of terrorism involves arousing fright amongst the target population so as to push a particular political, social, cultural or a religious motive. The methodology for this involves killing random people. In the modern history, the usage war over terrorism has become a commonly used geo political jargon. The popularity and acceptance of this term within itself suggests the global feelings against terrorism. The random victims of terrorism are often referred to as innocent people who are disassociated with the cause of terrorism. The just war theory suggests the idea of innocence of the victims as a decisive factor in justifying a war. This innocence of the victims is the elements which make an act of terrorism unjust over a war wherein only soldiers involved are targeted. The larger philosophy of this innocence has to be however further analyzed. The thesis of this paper is that the concept of innocence of the victims of terrorism does not make terrorism theoretically unjustified as compared to that of war. It must be noted here that the paper does not intend to justify terrorism as a theoretically acceptable norm. â€Å"Just war theory provides normative content for ethical arguments about the resort to and conduct of war on the assumption, distinct from realism, that morality has a place in international politics—although like realism, it assumes that war is an enduring feature of world politics† (Crawford, 2000). It has been observed by several philosophers that the idea of innocence of victims as proposed by the Just war theory is often misunderstood (Walzer, 2006). Interestingly, the very word innocence provokes sympathy among the observers of war. For instance, the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Centre killing ‘innocent’ people was taken up quite sentimentally by the rest of the world. However, it must be understood that the meaning of the term ‘innocent’ proposed by the just war theory is quite differen t from that of the common perception of the sympathizers. It more or less means disassociated in the theoretical context. In other words, the word innocent in the war context refers to people who are not officially appointed by the system in war to engage in the war. In the context of a war between two countries, the people who are engaged are the soldiers who designated for the war by both the countries. All the other civilian people of both the countries enjoy the immunity of ‘innocence ’(Walzer, 2006). Theoretically just war is conceptually where only these soldiers are targeted and not other civilians. On the other hand, an act of killing people who are not directly involved in the cause is considered to be unjust and is termed terrorism (Walzer, 2006). Thus it is the nature of the victims that draws the line between a just war and an act of terrorism. In broader sense the nature of the victims is decided by their innocence as perceived by the just war theory(Walzer , 2006). However, the reality is that there are conceptual errors in the ways in which the whole theoretical concept of innocence is perceived by the critics. For instance, in the case of a war between two countries there are many soldiers who get killed who necessarily were physically engaged in the battle. There will be a wide range of services associated with a soldiers’ team who are victimized to death while supporting the team in the war front. However, these people do not

It can be in firms' interests to source components they need from Assignment

It can be in firms' interests to source components they need from competitors. Explain how this can be the case and examine an - Assignment Example The ability to plough back the profits into the business operations gives the firm a competitive advantage over the competitors. Buying of the competitors products may mean the increase in the economies of scale to the firm, which buys the components. This may also come up with the risks associated with the changes in the market structure to torment the operations of the firm (Cennam, & Santalo 2013, pp. 1346-1349) The Benefits When the firm buys the component of the competitor, the firm enjoys vast economies of scale. When the size of the firm increases, the competition wrecks, since the production of the major competitor ids impeded. The competitor the economic scale increases with great efficiency of the firm to solve the huddles of the markets. The costs of operations decrease in the sense that the firm will not at the verge of strong competition to demand a lot in their production mechanism. Being able to control the market gives the firm another heightened advantage as the pric e is set by the major producer of the products. This is further motivated also by the low costs of production that the firm enjoys due to the wide base of economies of scale (Long & Wijeyaratne, 2013. pp. 21). ... More customers would be attracted to the firm’s products. This would attract more customers to buy the firm’s product (Pukeliene & Maksvytiene, 2008. pp. 40). The firm will be able to offer more benefits on its products than the competing products from other firms within the economy. This ability to deliver better services to the customers, improves the firm’s ability to satisfy the growing demands in the contemporary markets (Cummins & Xie, 2013. pp. 151-153). The firm is able to make economic profit margins by having the opportunity to choose from the best alternative due to the diverse products from the firm. The bought components of the competitor can be released to the markets at the firm’s most convenient time. This give the firm the widest base on the opportunity cost (Long & Wijeyaratne, 2013. pp. 80). The markets may demand the products, the firm is at a better position to select on the demanded product, and offer at the firm’s own set pric e. The advantage of the firm to select on the best and readily available product to sell to the market, gives the firm more profits since they sell at their own set prices. When the demand of a given product goes up, the price increases significantly (Dichter & Sala, 2012). This gives the firm an opportunity to sell it at their own set price. This increases the interests of the firm, which it can use to further control the markets based on the wide economies of scale. For example, if the firm decides to release a product, which is highly demanded for to the markets, and the difference in the profits accrued is the opportunity cost. At such a time, the value of the demanded product is higher than the actual value of the other similar products and that of the product itself when the demand is low (Spiller, 2011.

Types of job interviews Essay Example for Free

Types of job interviews Essay 1. Traditional one on one job interview This is the traditional one on one interview is where you’re interviewed by a company representative, most likely the manager of the position you are applying for. If you get the job you will be working with this person directly. They will want to understand who you are and if your skills match those of the job requirements. You may be asked questions about your resume and your experience, what you can offer the company and what you can bring to the position. The interviewer may ask you questions such as â€Å"Why would you be good for this job?† or â€Å"Tell me about yourself.† The one on one interview is by far, one of the most common types of job interviews. 2. Group Job Interview Many times companies will conduct a group interview to quickly pre-screen candidates for the job opening as well as give the candidates the chance to quickly learn about the company to see if they want to work there. Many times, a group interview will begin with a short presentation about the company. After that, they may speak to each candidate individually and ask them a few questions. One of the most important things the employer is observing during a group interview, is how you interact with the other candidates. Are you emerging as a leader or are you more likely to complete tasks that are asked of you? Neither is necessarily better than the other, it just depends on what type of personality works best for the position that needs to be filled. 3. Panel Job Interview These can be difficult. In a panel interview, you will be interviewed by three to four interviewers. The panel may consist of different representatives of the company such as human resources, management, and employees. The reason why some companies conduct panel interviews is to save time or to get the collective opinion of panel regarding the candidate. Each member of the panel may be responsible for asking you questions that represent relevancy from their position. Government agencies typically conduct panel interviews and they are very strict on protocol. 4. Behavioural Job Interview In a behavioral interview, the interviewer will ask you questions based on common situations of the job you are applying for. The logic behind the behavioural interview is that your future performance will be based on a past performance of a similar situation. You should expect questions that inquire about what you did when you were in XXX situation and how did you dealt with it. In a behavioural interview, the interviewer wants to see how you deal with certain problems and what you do to solve them. 5. Phone Job Interview A phone interview may be for a position where the candidate is not local or for an initial pre-screening call to see if they want to invite you in for an in-person interview. You may be asked typical questions or behavioral questions. Most of the time you will schedule an appointment for a phone interview. If the interviewer calls unexpectedly, it’s ok to ask them politely to schedule an appointment. On a phone interview, make sure your call waiting is turned off, you are in a quiet room, and you are not eating, drinking or chewing gum. 6. Lunch Job Interview Many times lunch interviews are conducted as a second interview. The company will invite you to lunch with additional members of the team to further get to know you and see how you fit in. This is a great time to ask any questions you may have about the company or position as well, so make sure you prepare your questions in advance.

Social Construction of Child and Childhood Essay examples -- Psycholog

Social construction of child and childhood To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (Stam 2001, p. 294)†. Vivien (1995, p. 10) points the origin of social constructionism stems from two to three hundred years ago in the period of enlightenment, modernism and postmodernism. By all means, Berger and Luckmann’ (1966) book The Social Construction of Reality as a first book have a title of â€Å"social construction† has influential contributes in recent studies (Hacking, 1999). In this book, questioning everyday life realities and giving examples from it, shows the importance of social relations and l anguage that we used. Hacking’ The Social Construction of What? (1999) offers up-to-date and logical instances which supports to comprehend those aspects. He listed a number of things to be socially constructed and X as a generic label is used by him to work things as they are. First X does not exist or it is not generated by any natural thing then X existed by history, social interactions and with similar things. He discussed all too often after this process, using theory of social construction results in to change or destroy X render ‘normalisation’. Gender is one of the good examples that he gave which always come to mind whether it is constructed or not. Put it in a simple way, when X is gender; inequalities between men and women caus... ...ook the back of the book (Miller, 1995). Cognitive inability to realize other’ perspective and lack of social conversation are propounded by Piaget the reasons of the egocentrism. Children talk while they play with peers however; this communication does not necessarily related to each other that even in group self communication can exist. He suggests based on his own observations such this speech decrease with age. In other words, egocentric thinking transition from autistic to social thinking and when child start to think silently egocentrism disappear (Piaget,1950). Vygotsky’ view departs from this point; in contradiction age decline he claimed initial mission of egocentric speech is cognitive self- guidance rather than social communication (Rubin, 1973). In commonsense, egocentrism is shaped by development of thoughts but, Piaget attributed it genetic roots.